![]() ![]() Also, anterior to the premotor cortex and primary motor cortex is Broca’s area. There are direct connections between the frontal eye fields and the superior colliculus. The frontal eye fields are responsible for moving the eyes in response to visual stimuli. For example, these areas might prepare the body for the movements necessary to drive a car in anticipation of a traffic light changing.Īdjacent to these two regions are two specialized motor planning centers. Neurons in these areas are most active leading up to the initiation of movement. The supplemental motor area also manages sequential movements that are based on prior experience (that is, learned movements). ![]() The premotor area aids in controlling movements of the core muscles to maintain posture during movement, whereas the supplemental motor area is hypothesized to be responsible for planning and coordinating movement. The prefrontal areas project into the secondary motor cortices, which include the premotor cortex and the supplemental motor area. The regions of the frontal lobe that remain are the regions of the cortex that produce movement. These are primarily in the anterior part of the frontal lobe. One way to define the prefrontal area is any region of the frontal lobe that does not elicit movement when electrically stimulated. In generating motor responses, the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex will need to initiate actual movements. However, the muscles that are responsible for the basic process of breathing are also utilized for speech, which is entirely voluntary. One example is the ability of our breathing to switch to unconscious control while we are focused on another task. However, some aspects of the somatic system use voluntary muscles without conscious control. The term “voluntary” suggests that there is a conscious decision to make a movement. Somatic senses inform the nervous system about the external environment, but the response to that is through voluntary muscle movement. The defining characteristic of the somatic nervous system is that it controls skeletal muscles. Describe several reflex arcs and their functional roles. ![]() List the structures and steps involved in a reflex arc.Compare different descending pathways, both by structure and function.Describe the pathway of descending motor commands from the cortex to the skeletal muscles.List the cortical components of motor processing.\)īy the end of this section, you will be able to: ![]()
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